Fingernails health care

Fingernails: Do's and don'ts for healthy nails

 

Are you taking good care of your nails? Here's what you need to know to keep your fingernails in tiptop shape.
Take a close look at your fingernails. Are they strong and healthy looking? Or do you see ridges, dents, or areas of unusual color or shape? Many less than desirable nail conditions can be avoided through proper fingernail care. Others indicate an underlying condition that requires attention.

Fingernails: What's normal, what's not

 

Your fingernails — composed of laminated layers of a protein called keratin — grow from the area at the base of the nail under your cuticle. As new cells grow, older cells become hard and compacted and are eventually pushed out toward your fingertips.
Healthy fingernails are smooth, without pits or grooves. They're uniform in color and consistency and free of spots or discoloration. Sometimes fingernails develop harmless vertical ridges that run from the cuticle to the tip of the nail. Vertical ridges tend to become more prominent with age. Fingernails can also develop white lines or spots due to injury, but these eventually grow out with the nail.
Not all nail conditions are normal, however. Consult your doctor or dermatologist if you notice:

• Changes in nail color, such as discoloration of the entire nail or a dark streak under the nail
• Changes in nail shape, such as curled nails
• Thinning or thickening of the nails
• Separation of the nail from the surrounding skin
• Bleeding around the nails
• Redness, swelling or pain around the nails

Fingernail care: Do's and don'ts

 

To keep your fingernails looking their best, follow these simple guidelines.
Do:

• Keep your fingernails dry and clean. This prevents bacteria, fungi and other organisms from growing under your fingernails. Wear cotton-lined rubber gloves when washing dishes, cleaning or using harsh chemicals, and avoid long soaks in the tub.
• Trim and file your fingernails regularly. Use a sharp manicure scissors or clippers. Trim your nails straight across, then round the tips in a gentle curve. It might be easiest to trim and file your fingernails when they're soft, such as after bathing.
• Use moisturizer. When you use hand lotion, rub the lotion into your fingernails and cuticles, too.

Don't:

• Abuse your fingernails. To prevent nail damage, don't use your fingernails as tools to pick, poke or pry things.
• Bite your fingernails or pick at your cuticles. These habits can damage the nail bed. Even a minor cut alongside your fingernail can allow bacteria or fungi to enter and cause an infection.
• Pull off hangnails. You might rip live tissue along with the hangnail. Instead, carefully clip off hangnails.
• Ignore problems. If you have a nail problem that doesn't seem to go away on its own or is associated with other signs and symptoms, consult your doctor or dermatologist for an evaluation.

Tips for weak or brittle fingernails

Weak fingernails can be a challenge to toughen up. To protect weak or brittle fingernails and reduce the risk of splitting or breaking:

• Keep your nails short. Long nails are more likely to split or break.
• Use moisturizer. Apply moisturizer to your fingernails and cuticles several times throughout the day and before bed. Consider wearing cotton gloves while you sleep, to help seal in the moisture.
• Apply nail polish. A thin coat of clear nail polish can help keep moisture in your fingernails.
• Limit use of nail polish remover. Don't use nail polish remover more than once a week. When you do need to use nail polish remover, choose the acetone-free variety. Acetone dries nails.
• Ask your doctor about biotin supplements. Changing your diet or taking daily multivitamins isn't likely to strengthen your nails. However, some research suggests that the nutritional supplement biotin might help strengthen weak or brittle fingernails.

A note about manicures and pedicures

 

If you rely on manicures or pedicures for healthy looking nails, keep a few things in mind. Stick to salons that display a current state license, and work only with technicians also licensed by the state board. Don't have your cuticles removed — it can lead to nail infection. Also, make sure your nail technician properly sterilizes all tools used during your procedure. Various infections can spread through the use of unsterilized tools. You might also ask how the foot baths are cleaned. Ideally, a bleach solution is used between clients and the filters are cleaned regularly.
It's easy to neglect your nails — but there's much you can do to keep your fingernails healthy and strong. Start with basic fingernail care.

Supplement of heart health

Supplementing Your Heart Health: Omega-3, Plant Sterols, and More

If you have high cholesterol, or if you're at high risk for heart disease and heart attack, some supplements can help lower your cholesterol.

If you have high cholesterol, or if you're at high risk for heart disease and heart attack, you've likely had "the talk" with your doctor. For many people, making lifestyle changes is enough to lower cholesterol. Other people need medications like cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. Dietary supplements can be part of the prescription, too.
Of the $20 billion dollars spent yearly on herbs and supplements, those touted to improve heart health top the list. They range from fish oil and flaxseed oil to artichoke and garlic extracts.
Is there any evidence that these really work? Can they really lower LDL "bad" cholesterol or triglycerides -- or raise HDL "good" cholesterol"? Do they provide an added benefit to drugs? Just as important, which vitamins and supplements should you consider taking for heart health?

The Truth About Vitamins and Supplements for Heart Health

For a top cardiologist's advice on heart-health supplements and vitamins, WebMD turned to Mimi Guarneri, MD, the founder and medical director of the Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine in La Jolla, Calif., and author of the book, The Heart Speaks.
"Supplements can be very beneficial to heart health," Guarneri tells WebMD.
Here are some of the supplements that may benefit your heart:

• Fish oil
• Plant sterols
• Niacin
• Fiber (psyllium)
• Red yeast rice
• Green tea extract
• B-Complex vitamins (B6, B12, folic acid)
• Coenzyme Q10
• Policosanol

A few cautionary notes: Always check with your doctor before using supplements because some can interact with other drugs you take. Some people -- including women who are pregnant or breastfeeding -- should not take supplements other than prenatal vitamins.  Make sure you purchase supplements that have a standardized dosage, approved by the USP (United States Pharmacopoeia), which means they contain 95% to 100% of the active ingredient.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil, Flaxseed Oil) for Heart Health

Omega-3 fatty acids -- found in fish oil, flaxseed oil, and algae oil -- provide significant reductions in triglyceride levels and increases in good HDL cholesterol. Omega-3 doesn't affect “bad” LDL cholesterol levels.
"Omega-3s have consistently been shown to improve heart health," says Guarneri. "Omega-3s are one of the most important supplements for the heart because of its anti-inflammatory agents. We know that inflammation is a common pathway for many diseases, including heart disease and Alzheimer's disease."
Several studies report that in people with a history of heart attack, regularly eating oily fish (like salmon) or taking fish oil supplements reduces the risk of heart rhythm problems, heart attack, and sudden death. There may also be reductions in angina (chest pain).
Fish oil supplements can reduce triglycerides by 20% to 50%, says Guarneri. "Fish oil is now available by prescription -- that's how good it is." However, because fish oil comes from real fish, mercury content is an issue. "You have to stick with brands that are tested for mercury,” she notes. Check the labels.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil, Flaxseed Oil) for Heart Health continued...

She advises taking 1 to 4 grams of fish oil daily -- containing 240 milligrams of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and 360 milligrams of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) per gram. However, the prescribed dosage will vary depending on the patient's blood samples. "With very high triglycerides, we might use higher doses," she says. High doses of omega-3 supplements -- over 3 grams daily -- may increase the risk of bleeding and should be done only under a doctor’s care.
If you're taking a statin drug to lower your cholesterol, fish oil provides added heart benefits, Guarneri says. A large Japanese study showed 19% fewer heart-related events (like heart attack) in adults taking a fish oil supplement plus a statin drug, compared with those taking only a statin.
Taking fish oil plus a magnesium supplement is also a good combination -- decreasing blood pressure and preventing heart rhythm problems, Guarneri adds. Look for glycinated magnesium, which is more easily absorbed.
She's not as big on flaxseed oil because results are not so dependable, Guarneri says. "Flaxseed oil has to be converted in the body, and conversion will vary from person to person depending on age and metabolism. But flax is soluble fiber and can lower LDL by 8% to 18% with doses of 40 to 50 grams per day."

Plant Sterols for Heart Health

Plant sterols are derived from plant-based foods and are used to enrich margarines and other foods. Many human and animal studies have found that plant sterol-enriched products lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Plant sterols do not affect triglycerides or HDL levels, however.
"Plant sterols block cholesterol absorption and lower LDL by 10%, Guarneri says. "They also work synergistically with statins and can be more effective than doubling the statin dose." Taking a statin plus plant sterol supplement can reduce LDL by 20%.
Numerous studies have shown that eating more plant sterol-enriched foods lowers total and LDL cholesterol. In a study of 194 adults with moderately high cholesterol, each consumed 2 servings of low-fat milk that was plant sterol-enriched. By the third week, their LDL cholesterol was reduced by 9.5%; by week six, LDL was 7.8% reduced.
Although some margarine and other specialized foods are made with plant sterols, Guarneri recommends powdered plant sterols because she says it’s easier to make sure you’re getting the recommended 2 grams per day.

Niacin for Heart Health

Also known as vitamin B-3 or nicotinic acid, niacin is a well-accepted treatment for high cholesterol. "Niacin is one of my favorites," Guarneri says. "It is tried and true in raising HDL and lowering triglycerides." She prescribes from 500 milligrams to 2 grams daily, depending on the patient's blood levels.

Niacin for Heart Health continued...

Numerous studies have shown that niacin can significantly improve HDL cholesterol with better results than with statin drugs. Niacin can also improve LDL levels, but less dramatically. "Niacin is one of the most powerful vitamins -- increasing HDL by 15% to 30%, reducing triglycerides by 20% to 50%," she says.
A very small percentage of patients who take niacin have heart rhythm problems. Some people do get hot flushes from niacin, so it's important to start with small doses and increase slowly, under a doctor's supervision. Pre-treating the niacin dose with aspirin (that many heart patients are taking anyway), can help to prevent the discomfort associated with the flushing.

Psyllium for Heart Health

Psyllium (ispaghula) comes from the husks of seeds from Plantago ovata. Psyllium, either through supplements or high-fiber foods, provides fiber that can reduce total and LDL cholesterol. Fiber’s effects on HDL “good” cholesterol are less clear, although some research suggests fiber may help increase HDL.
Guarneri likes fiber, including psyllium. Just 15 grams of psyllium reduces LDL by up to 9%, she reports. Psyllium also boosts the effects of statin drugs. In an eight-week study, one group of patients took 10 milligrams of psyllium plus 10 milligrams of Zocor, a statin drug. They were compared to patients taking 20 milligrams of Zocor plus a placebo. In the psyllium group, LDL fell by 63, compared with 55 in the statin-only group.
One caution: Psyllium can decrease absorption of other medications. Make sure you talk to your doctor before taking psyllium.

Red Yeast Rice for Heart Health

Red yeast rice is derived from a specific yeast that grows on rice. This extract has been shown to lower total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, help prevent heart attack, and improve blood flow. "If you want to reduce LDL cholesterol, red yeast rice can do it," says Guarneri. In fact, it contains a substance -- monacolin K -- that is identical to the active ingredient of the cholesterol-lowering statin drug Mevacor.
“Whether a red yeast rice supplement works or not depends on the formulation. There are many formulations, many brands. Some work, some don't. Ultimately, the only way to know is to get your cholesterol checked -- start taking red yeast rice at the therapeutic dosage of 2400 mg a day -- then re-check cholesterol in two months."
If you don’t see a change, Guarneri suggests trying a different brand of red yeast rice supplement. However, high cholesterol is a serious condition and should not be taken lightly. Make sure your doctor is aware you're trying red yeast rice, so the two of you can decide if and when you need a prescription medication.
“There are good products on the market in high-end health food stores,” she adds. Most red yeast rice supplements in the U.S. recommend taking no more than 2,400 milligrams daily. Higher doses increase the risk of side effects, such as muscle pain and tenderness, and possibly liver damage. In addition, do not take red yeast rice if you’re taking a statin cholesterol-lowering medication as this further increases the risk of side effects.
Red yeast rice should not be used by people with liver disease. In addition, it may increase the risk of bleeding and should be used with caution by people taking blood thinners.

Supplementing Your Heart Health: Omega-3, Plant Sterols, and More

If you have high cholesterol, or if you're at high risk for heart disease and heart attack, some supplements can help lower your cholesterol.

Green Tea Extract for Heart Health

Green tea extract is made from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis, a perennial evergreen shrub. Green tea is a staple in Chinese traditional medicine.
This supplement is one of Guarneri's favorites and is shown to decrease LDL by 16%. She advises 375 milligrams of theaflavin-enriched green tea extract daily.

B Vitamins: B-6 (pyridoxine), B-12, and Folic Acid for Heart Health

B-complex vitamins, including folic acid, help keep nerves and red blood cells healthy. They may also lower blood levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that’s possibly linked to heart disease, blood clots, heart attack, and strokes.
However, in May 2008, a study of more than 5,000 women at high risk of heart disease showed that daily folic acid, vitamin B-6, and B-12 supplementation did not reduce the rate of heart attacks, despite lowering levels of the amino acid homocysteine. The study appears in The Journal of the American Medical Association.
“I’m not ready to throw out B-vitamins yet for heart patients. That is still controversial. It’s important to remember that B vitamins are not just for cardiac issues,” Guarneri says.
“The bigger issue is inflammation associated with high homocysteine levels. Lowering homocysteine may help the heart, but it is also necessary to prevent osteoporosis and cognitive decline.”
She also says it’s important to get the right dosage of B-vitamins – either from a naturopathic doctor or another physician who understands the complexity of lowering homocysteine with B-vitamins.
More studies are needed to fully understand the link between homocysteine and vitamin supplements, researchers say.

Coenzyme Q10 for Heart Health

Coenzyme Q10 is produced by the body and is necessary for basic cell functioning. Small studies have suggested that CoQ10 may reduce chest pain (angina). For people with clogged arteries, CoQ10 may make exercise easier.
Guarneri recommends CoQ10 supplements for patients taking statin drugs for high cholesterol; it may help to prevent the muscle pains or liver damage that occurs in some people taking statin drugs, though the research on this connection isn’t definitive. Some researchers believe that statins may block the natural formation of CoQ10 in muscle cells, which could contribute to heart muscle damage. Again, the evidence on this isn’t clear. A 2008 Canadian study showed that statins did not significantly reduce tissue concentrations of CoQ10.

Policosanol for Heart Health

Policosanol is a natural plant mixture used to lower cholesterol. Studies have shown policosanol helps reduce LDL cholesterol.
An analysis of 52 studies found that taking policosanol reduced LDL cholesterol by 24%; taking plant sterols reduced LDL by 10%. Policosanol also improved total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels more favorably than plant sterols.
Guarneri, however, is not a big fan of policosanol. No large studies of policosanol have been conducted in the United States.
A cautionary note: Don't take policosanol if you're taking blood thinners or drugs that lower cholesterol. Talk to your doctor first.

Soy for Heart Health

Soy has been shown to decrease total and LDL cholesterol, with smaller benefits to triglycerides. However, soy supplements have not been proven to reduce long-term risk of heart attack or stroke.
Two big cautions: Women with hormone-sensitive cancers (breast, ovarian, uterine cancer) or endometriosis may be advised not to take soy. People taking blood-thinning drugs should also talk to their doctors before taking soy.

Other Herbs, Spices, Extracts

Artichoke leaf extract, yarrow, and holy basil may help lower cholesterol, according to early studies. These and other commonly used herbs and spices -- like ginger, turmeric, and rosemary -- are being studied for their potential in preventing heart disease.
Globe artichoke leaf has become increasingly available in the United States. Preliminary studies suggest that these extracts may reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Multiple studies of garlic extract have reported small reductions in total and LDL cholesterol over short periods of time (4 to 12 weeks), but it's not clear whether this benefit is lasting or short-term. Also, effects on HDL are not clear.

Lifestyle Solutions for Healthy Hearts

Supplements are no panacea. If you use them, use them in connection with proven lifestyle habits that benefit the heart -- and with medications prescribed by your doctor.
After all, a bad diet and an inactive lifestyle are the biggest risk factors for heart disease. Making changes to improve your lifestyle can make a big difference.
Food is medicine: "Food comes first," says Guarneri. "There are reams of research showing that the Mediterranean diet -- high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, nuts, wine, and fatty fish -- help decrease blood pressure and stroke." It's possible to reduce heart-related events (like heart attack) by 50% to 60% by following this type of diet, she adds.
One long-term study of 15,700 adults found these four factors were the most important:

• Eating at least five fruits and vegetables daily
• Walking or getting other exercise for at least 2.5 hours weekly
• Keeping BMI (body mass index) out of the obese range
• Don't smoke 

Salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna, and other omega-3 fatty fish should be staples, she says.
Daily exercise is a must: The Clinical Council on Cardiology advises 40 minutes to one hour of aerobic activity every day and strength training three days a week.
A 2002 study showed that more intense exercise works better than moderate exercise in reducing cholesterol. The study involved sedentary, overweight men and women -- all with mild-to-moderately high cholesterol -- who did not change their diet. Researchers found that those who got moderate exercise (12 miles of walking or jogging a week) lowered their LDL levels, but those who did more vigorous exercise -- jogging 20 miles a week -- got even better LDL results.
Stress reduction is key: Stress increases cortisol (a hormone), which puts fat on the midline -- which increases heart risks. Stress also produces inflammation that leads to increased plaque in blood vessels, Guarneri explains. Two stress hormones -- adrenaline and norepinephrine -- raise cholesterol, blood pressure, and cause heart rhythm problems. They also constrict coronary arteries, cause blood pressure to go up. When we're under stress, our ability to fight infection is reduced.

Lifestyle Solutions for Healthy Hearts continued...

"We have to factor in true mind-body-spirit approaches -- eating right, exercising, taking steps to reduce stress and anger," she says.
While any type of meditation is helpful, Guarneri advises using transcendental meditation. "It is well studied; there is a lot of research showing that it decreases blood pressure and improves insulin resistance. I also encourage people to look into computer programs that teach biofeedback -- helping people control their autonomic nervous system. Healing Rhythms and HeartMath are two biofeedback programs."
"It's all about lifestyle," she says. "It's not only what you eat, but who you're eating with. If you're in a bad relationship, you can eat all the Brussels sprouts in the world and it won't help your heart."
Top Ten Natural Heart Health Supplements

Here are the top ten, natural Heart Health Supplements based on popularity.
1. FISH OIL - OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS
Fish Oil contains the highest amount of Omega-3 Fatty Acids... and Omega-3 fatty acids benefit the heart of healthy people, and those at high risk of — or who have — cardiovascular disease. Research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids decrease risk of arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeats), which can lead to sudden death. Omega-3 fatty acids also decrease triglyceride levels, slow growth rate of atherosclerotic plaque, and lower blood pressure.
View all Fish Oil - Omega-3 products.)
2. CoEnzyme Q-10 (COQ10)
The beneficial effect of CoQ10 in the prevention and treatment of heart disease is due to its ability to improve energy production in cells, inhibit blood clot formation, and act as an antioxidant. Multiple studies have found that people who received daily CoQ10 supplements within 3 days of a heart attack were significantly less likely to experience subsequent heart attacks and chest pain. In addition, these same patients were less likely to die of heart disease than those who did not receive the supplements.
(Read more about CoEnzyme Q-10. -- View all CoEnzyme Q-10 products.)
3. GARLIC
Scientists have studied garlic fairly extensively as it relates to the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia and it seems to be effective in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol in individuals who take it on a regular basis. The active component of garlic is an amino acid called alliin which is further converted to allicin and other active metabolites. View all Garlic products.)
4. RED YEAST RICE EXTRACT
About a dozen naturally occurring compounds in red yeast are chemically related to statins, the widely prescribed pharmacuticals renowned for their cholesterol-reducing powers. In addition, red yeast raises HDL, (good) cholesterol to more desired levels. Increases in HDL levels boost cardiovasculr health since HDL cholesterol helps eliminate LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. The less LDL that’s present, the less chance you have of developing the blockages that cause heart disease.
(Read more about Red Yeast Rice Extract. -- View all Red Yeast Rice Extract products.)
5. NIACIN
A recent study shows vitamin B3, also known as niacin, lowers bad cholesterol more effectively than a common statin drug, ezetimibe, sold as Zetia. Statins inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine, which then reduces the amount of LDL (bad cholesterol) in the blood stream. Since high cholesterol has been linked to cardiovascular disease, lowering LDL levels has been widely adopted as good preventive medicine.
(Read more about Niacin. -- View all Niacin Products.)
6. VITAMIN D
a growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of heart disease and is linked to other, well-known heart disease risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Several large studies have shown that people with low vitamin D levels were twice as likely to have a heart attack, stroke, or other heart-related event during follow-up, compared with those with higher vitamin D levels.
(Read more about Vitamin D. -- View all Vitamin D Products.)
7. MAGNESIUM
Large studies have linked magnesium deficiency to high blood pressure, while some have shown an association between magnesium supplements and a decreased risk of death from heart disease. A higher intake of magnesium may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to have heart disease or a stroke than adults without diabetes.
(View all Magnesium Products.)
8. NATTO K
Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, occurs when the normal lining of the arteries thickens, and deposits of fat and plaque build up, causing narrowing (or even blockage) of the arteries. An enzyme in natto, dubbed nattokinase, binds to fibrin and breaks it down. It helps to improve blood viscosity and reduce blood clots by enhancing the fibrinolytic properties of the blood.
(View all Natto-K Products.)
9. HAWTHORN BERRY
Hawthorn has a relaxing effect on the arteries, in turn improving circulation that facilitates healthy blood pressure. Hawthorn has been shown to enhance the flow of blood through the heart while helping the heart beat tone up (inotropic effect). In fact, hawthorn was found to be far friendlier and more energy efficient as it helps the heart muscle contract to produce an effective beat, compared to drugs that seek to do the same thing. (View all Hawthorn Berry products.)
10. GUGGUL
Guggul is made from the sap (gum resin) of the Commiphora mukul tree, which is native to India. Guggul gum resin is used for arthritis, lowering high cholesterol, “hardening of the arteries” (atherosclerosis), acne and other skin diseases, and weight loss. Guggul contains substances that lower cholesterol and triglycerides. One of these substances also decreases the redness and swelling that occurs in some types of acne

Vitamin Supplements: Healthy or Hoax?

Overwhelmed by the towering shelves of vitamin and mineral supplements in the grocery store?

There are so many options that sound great, but there are also so many questions: Which ones really work? Exactly how effective are they? Are they worth the money?

These are good questions for anybody who wants to live healthier and avoid heart disease and stroke. But before you start buying everything from Vitamin A to Zinc, remember there’s only one way to be sure you’re getting the vitamins and minerals your body needs: Eat healthy foods. 

Supplements can be beneficial, but the key to vitamin and mineral success is eating a balanced diet. Before taking vitamin and mineral supplements, talk to your physician about your personal dietary plan.

Food first!
“Nutritionists recommend food first because foods provide a variety of vitamins and minerals and also dietary factors that are not found in a vitamin or mineral supplement,”  said Penny Kris-Etherton, Ph.D., R.D., and Distinguished Professor of Nutrition at the Pennsylvania State University’s College of Health and Human Development.

For example, she points out that foods provide many bioactive compounds and dietary fiber that typically aren’t found in supplements. And some supplements don’t allow for full absorption of vitamins. 

“If taken on an empty stomach without any food, some of the fat-soluble vitamins will not be absorbed as well as they would if the supplement was consumed with a food that provides fat,” said Kris-Etherton, who also is a volunteer with the American Heart Association. Supplements May Help
While diet is the key to getting the best vitamins and minerals, supplements can help. For instance, if you’re doing your best to eat healthy foods but still are deficient in some areas, supplements can help. The key is to ensure they’re taken in addition to healthy diet choices and nutrient-dense foods. They’re supplements, not replacements. Only use supplements if your healthcare professional has recommended them.

 “A supplement will generally provide 100 percent of the daily recommended allowance for all vitamins and minerals,” Kris-Etherton said. “Therefore, many nutritionists will agree that a supplement is OK if nutrient needs are not being met by a healthy food-based diet.”
Do What’s Best for You
As said earlier, before taking vitamin and mineral supplements, talk to your physician about your personal dietary plan. Also, consider these recommended “do’s and don'ts” from the American Heart Association:
Do this:

• Eat a healthy diet. There’s just no substitute for a balanced, nutritious diet that limits excess calories, saturated fat, trans fat, sodium and dietary cholesterol. This approach has been shown to reduce coronary heart disease risk in healthy people and those with heart disease.
• Patients with heart disease should consume about 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids called EPA + DHA. This should ideally come from fish. This can hard to get by diet alone, so a supplement could be needed. As always, consult with a physician first.
• If you have elevated triglycerides, try to get 2 to 4 grams per day of EPA+DHA.

Don’t do this:

• Don’t take antioxidant vitamin supplements such as A, C and E. Scientific evidence does not suggest these can eliminate the need to reduce blood pressure, lower blood cholesterol or stop smoking.
• Do not rely only on supplements. There isn’t sufficient data to suggest that healthy people benefit by taking certain vitamin or mineral supplements in excess of the daily recommended allowance. Some observational studies have suggested that using these can lower rates of cardiovascular disease and/or lower risk factor levels. However, it’s unclear in these studies whether supplements caused these improvements.

• The 5 Supplements Your Heart Needs

  
  Supplement your diet or medicine regimen with these doctor-approved extras for your heart
  
  By: Amanda Junker
  
  Don't want to end up on a stretcher? Then supplement your ticker with these pills and nutrients to prevent any trouble in the first place. "I think of supplements as things that enable the body. A lot prescription medicines block a process, so I prefer to enable instead of block, enhance instead of stop," says Keith Berkowitz, M.D., from the Center for Balanced Health in New York City. From the vitamin that helps boost good cholesterol to the fat that helps lube the arteries, we have five recommendations that will arm your body against cardiac arrest.
  
  Aspirin
  Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory medicine that thins your blood, making it more difficult for your body to develop clots that can cause heart attacks. A Canadian study shows aspirin is especially effective in men. The reason why isn't confirmed, but researchers speculate it's because "blood clots tend to form in bigger blood vessels in men, and aspirin could have bigger efficacy in these larger cells more readily," says Don Sin, M.D., of University of British Columbia, one of the study's researchers.
  ADVERTISEMENT
  
  
  Recommended if: You've had a previous cardiac event, have a family history of heart attack, or are in the midst of a heart attack (uh, in which case, call 911, too)
  
  Dosage: One 80 mg baby aspirin tablet daily
  
  Omega-3
  This fatty acid is found in fish, and it can be helpful in balancing blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. "Fish oil is helpful for people who have high triglycerides or who are at risk of heart disease," says Charles Campbell, M.D., clinical cardiologist and director of inpatient services at the University of Kentucky. Studies show Omega-3 can help prevent heart attack because it slows the build-up of plaque in the arteries. You can get pure fish oil in capsule form, but that can be expensive, and eating more fish will do more to improve your total health. "The best way to treat triglycerides is to treat metabolic syndrome with diet and exercise—prevention starts there," he says.
  
  Recommended if: You have high triglycerides or a family history heart disease
  
  Dosage: A serving of fish twice a week or 1,000 mg daily
  
  Food sources: Oily fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel
  
  Vitamin D
  D can determine your risk of heart attack, according to a recent Framington Heart Study. "Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, above and beyond established cardiovascular risk factors," said Thomas J. Wang, M.D., assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass. The higher risk was particularly evident among individuals with high blood pressure.
  
  Recommended if: You don't get much sun—85 percent of people in North America are deficient
  
  Dosage: 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D3
  
  Food sources: Dairy products and oily fish like salmon and tuna
  
  Coenzyme Q 10
  "CoQ10 has shown to increase heart contractility [the performance of cardiac muscles]," says Dr. Campbell. A bonus: It may improve muscle function throughout your whole body. Preliminary research suggests that CoQ10 causes small decreases in blood pressure (systolic and possibly diastolic), according to the Mayo Clinic. Low blood levels of CoQ10 have been found in people with hypertension, although it is not clear if CoQ10 "deficiency" is a cause of high blood pressure.
  
  Recommended if: You have hypercholesterolemia or take statin drugs
  
  Dosage: 100 to 200 mg daily
  
  Niacin
  "More men die from low good cholesterol than high bad cholesterol—and niacin boosts that HDL ‘good cholesterol,'" says Dr. Berkowitz. "HDL is a clearing mechanism to get rid of LDL or bad cholesterol, it's like the garbage truck of the system," says Berkowitz. "Boosting HDL facilitates the transport of cholesterol and triglycerides so they can be extracted out of body." The downside: It must be taken at very high doses to be effective, so side effects like flushing and diarrhea are common. Use this like a drug with a doctor's recommendation.
  
  Recommended if: You have low HDL cholesterol, a family history of heart disease, or take statin drugs
  
  Dosage: 1,000 to 2,000 mg daily  

 

4 Supplements for a Longer Life

A healthy life starts with the basics: eating right, getting plenty of sleep, and regulating your stress levels through meditation and exercise. But if you want to kick your health into high gear, you need to do more. Here, Dr. Oz shares the top 4 supplements you should add to your daily regimen to help ensure a long life and combat the complications of heart disease, osteoporosis, memory loss, and cancer.

Protect Your Heart: Resveratrol
Researchers believe that chronic inflammation may be at the root of heart disease. Inflammation can cause blood clotting. Those clots, in turn, block the blood flow to your heart, leading to heart disease and, eventually, a heart attack. There are numerous causes of hidden inflammation – stress, inadequate sleep, nutritional deficiencies, and a diet high in processed foods, to name only a few – which is why it’s vital to live an active, healthy lifestyle.

You can further protect your body from the harmful effects of inflammation by taking a resveratrol supplement. Resveratrol is a compound found in plants such as the Japanese knotweed, blueberries, peanuts, red grape skins, and others. While resveratrol has been recommended for fighting the physical effects of aging, a brand new study shows it reduced inflammation of the heart in the study's participants by 26%. Taking one 500 mg capsule of resveratrol daily with food will help you maintain a strong, healthy heart.

Strengthen Your Bones: Strontium
Your bones are your body’s scaffolding, anchoring your muscles and organs. But like an aging building, that scaffolding begins to weaken over time. In fact, as we age, we actually lose bone mass, leading to bruises, broken bones, and osteoporosis.
Strontium is a powerful supplement that will provide crucial protection to your bones, preventing brittleness and reducing the risk of breaks. You may already be aware of the use of strontium in Europe; the American version is different, and is enthusiastically supported by doctors and other practitioners in the United States. Additionally, while calcium supplements are helpful in preventing osteoporosis, they work by protecting bone that’s already present. Strontium, on the other hand, protects, strengthens, and adds density to your bones. In fact, taking 680 mg of strontium a day (at least four hours after you take your calcium, to prevent interaction) can reduce the risk of bone fractures by 33%.

Prevent Cancer: Vitamin D
Like strontium, vitamin D is great for your bones, but it’s also a potent factor in cancer prevention. If you live far enough south, you naturally gain vitamin D from controlled sun exposure. Too much sun, of course, can increase your risk of skin cancer, so a vitamin D supplement is a great way to protect yourself from cancer without risking overexposure to the sun. Vitamin D works by putting a “force field” around your cells and DNA, protecting them against harmful free radicals and toxic stress that can lead to cancer. Additionally, it helps strengthen your immune cells, so that they can attack and remove cancer cells. Take 1000 IU of vitamin D per day, seeking out vitamin D3 – the vitamin’s most powerful and effective form.
Improve Brain Function: Fish Oil
Many of us have witnessed the chilling effects of Alzheimer’s on family and friends. That’s why it’s vital to boost your brain function and protect your memory as early as possible with a fish oil supplement. Your brain’s tissue is composed of fat, mostly consisting of DHA or docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. DHA helps improve the way your brain functions and increases new cell growth, which is crucial to prevent and fight the effects of memory loss. Fish oil supplements are packed with omega-3s, specifically, DHA. Taking 1000 mg daily will keep your memory sharp and, more importantly, provide protection to your brain.

 

 

Birds health and health stress

 5 Bird Health Issues You Should Know About

 

Bird owners must constantly be on the lookout for signs that their pets are becoming ill. Even the most subtle symptoms can be "red flags" that their pet is in dire need of veterinary treatment. Because illnesses can be such a serious issue for pet birds, it is important to become familiar with the most troublesome health problems that can arise in our feathered friends. Take a look at the bird health problems outlined below to learn more about some of the biggest bird health problems that could possibly affect your pet. Increasing your knowledge of bird health problems will help you to recognize any issues early on, and offer your bird prompt treatment and the chance at a swift recovery.

Avian Flu

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Several years ago, cases of avian flu made the news around the world, and recently they have again been popping up in the headlines. While most of the cases focused on involve birds that are raised as food, pet bird owners should know that avian flu can affect birds of any species -- meaning that parrots and other commonly kept pet birds are also at risk of contracting it if exposed. While the risk of exposure to captive pets is considered minimal, there are things that can be done to further protect your feathered friend from this deadly pathogen. Check out this article on avian flu for more information

Parasites

Parasites can affect any animal, including birds and humans. It is important to monitor your pet bird for any signs of internal or external parasite infestations as children, other pets, and other family members can also contract them if exposed. Certain parasites can be deadly to pet birds if not treated quickly, so learning as much as you can about their signs, symptoms, and risks of exposure is imperative to protecting your pet and family. Learn all about the most common types of parasites that can affect pet birds in this article on parasite infestations.

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)

One health problem that strikes fear into the hearts of bird owners is Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease, also known as "PBFD." It is a deadly virus that causes abnormal beak and feather growth, lesions, and various other problems. PBFD can affect any parrot species, and there is currently no known treatment or cure. To make matters worse, PBFD is highly contagious, and can quickly spread throughout an entire flock of birds who are kept in close quarters. It is important to learn about the signs of PBFD in order to prevent the spread of this devastating illness to other birds that may be owned by you or your friends and family.

Egg Binding

Those who own male birds can breathe easy here -- egg binding is a condition that can only affect female birds of breeding age. Egg binding is a very serious problem and can cause death in affected birds if it is not promptly treated by an experienced avian vet, so it is important for those who own female birds to become familiar with the signs and symptoms of egg binding so that they can recognize any problems early enough to save their pets.

Stress

Pretty much every adult alive knows what stress is, but many don't realize that stress can also affect parrots and other pet birds, and just as it does in humans, it can cause a decline in immune response and make a bird more susceptible to other illnesses. While they are subtle, there are several different signs that bird owners can watch for so that they can identify stress in their birds and prevent the onset of more serious issues. Read this article on stress in pet birds to learn about what can cause stress in your feathered friend and what you can do to reverse it if it has become a problem.

5 Signs That Your Bird is Depressed

 

Much attention has been given to human depression in recent years. Doctors and scientists have finally begun to realize that happiness plays a key role in our health and quality of life, so it should be no surprise to hear that the same goes for our pet birds. Not only are birds capable of becoming depressed, but prolonged depression can lead to self-destructive behaviors, lowered immune response, and an array of other problems. If you suspect that your bird may be depressed, compare his or her behavior with the points listed here. Signs pointing to depression may signal that you need to change something about your bird's environment or your level of interaction with your pet.

Appetite Loss

Julia Kuskin/Stockbyte/Getty Images

Although it can be a symptom of several different types of issues in pet birds, one big indicator of depression is appetite loss. Because birds have such fast metabolisms, it's important to learn to recognize it very quickly if your bird stops eating. Weight loss can come quickly and be very harmful to a bird, so if you notice that your pet's food intake has changed for two consecutive days, you will want to schedule an appointment with your avian vet to investigate the matter.

Signs of Stress in Pet Birds

 

Stress can play a large role in the overall health of both humans and companion animals. Because pet birds are naturally very sensitive creatures, they tend to not be able to deal with stress as easily as other types of pets such as cats and dogs. Being able to recognize stress in your pet bird is important to maintaining an environment that your feathered friend can mentally and physically thrive in, so it's a good idea to bird owners to learn how to monitor their birds' stress levels and make adjustments as needed to keep their pets healthy and happy. The points listed below will help you recognize common signs of a stressed bird, and offer advice as to how you can keep your feathered friend calm, confident, and content in his or her home.

Stress Bars

One of the most common physical indications of stress in pet birds is the appearance of stress bars on a bird's feathers. Stress bars are small lines that run horizontally across the shafts of a bird's feathers. While it can be difficult to assess stress bars in feathers that are still on a bird, examining molted feathers can give a quick indication of whether or not a bird is having issues with a stressor in its environment. Stress bars can be caused by a variety of factors, so the presence of stress bars will not indicate exactly what is stressing a bird. Rather, they are a red flag that bird owners can use to start looking for potential sources of stress that their pets may encounter.

Aggression

The sudden onset of aggression in a pet bird can also be a big indicator that the bird is experiencing stress in its environment. Aggressive behaviors such as biting, hissing, lunging, and excessive screaming can manifest almost overnight when there is an environmental stressor involved. If you notice this sort of behavioral change in your pet, it may be a good idea to schedule an appointment with an avian vet to rule out any possible health problems. If a clean bill of health is given, then you can begin to work with your bird to figure out exactly what triggers the behavior, and how you can adjust your bird's environment or routine to make him or her more comfortable.

Fearful Behavior

If a bird that is normally happy to be handled suddenly begins to act fearful of you or other family members, then it is a sure bet that there is something about the person who triggers the behavior that is causing stress to your feathered friend. It may not even be something that the person is doing directly to the bird -- something as simple as a brightly colored shirt, a hat, or a new beard or mustache can be a trigger for a bird's fearful behavior. Once you are able to identify a trigger, it is normally easy to remedy this sort of situation. However, if necessary, it is possible to condition a bird to eventually accept this sort of stressor through patience and practicing proper bonding techniques.

Loss of Appetite

If a bird who normally has a healthy appetite suddenly begins to show less interest in eating, it can be an indicator of stress and/or health problems. A good rule to follow in this type of situation is to schedule an appointment with an avian vet to make sure that the bird is not sick or injured. If your feathered friend's health checks out, you can then begin to try and decipher possible stressors in your home that may trigger appetite loss in your bird.

Destructive Behavior

Birds who begin to exhibit destructive behavior are quite possibly very stressed, and the most likely culprit in this scenario is boredom. Being the extremely intelligent creatures that they are, pet birds in captivity often do not receive a healthy amount of mental stimulation, which can lead to frustration, stress, undesirable behaviors, and even health issues. If you discover that your bird is becoming overly destructive, try a few techniques for preventing boredom in birds and see if the problems subside. If they do not, it is advisable to seek help from your veterinarian and/or a parrot behavior consultant to resolve the issue.

Signs that Your Bird Needs a Parrot Behavior Consultant

Once in a while, all parrots will misbehave. For many unfortunate owners, however, chronic behavior problems make their relationship with their parrots a miserable affair. If an avian veterinarian has determined that there are no health concerns manifesting themselves as behavior issues, then a visit with a Parrot Behavior Consultant may be in order. To help discern whether or not your bird needs professional help, look over these tell-tale signs that your pet's behavior is out of control.

1. Extreme Aggression

Most aggressive birds can be tamed with proper training techniques, but training overly aggressive or vicious parrots should be left to professionals for safety reasons. All birds will bite, and they bite for different reasons. Owners should determine whether or not a bite is truly dangerous. A trained and experienced Parrot Behavior Consultant will be knowledgable in handling these types of birds safely. If your bird is so aggressive that you cannot safely place your hand in his cage, seek out professional assistance as soon as possible.

2. Excessive Screaming

Birds can be loud, and screaming off and on is a completely normal and natural behavior. However, a bird that screams all of the time almost certainly has some need that is not being met. If you've tried everything and your pet still refuses to tone it down a notch, schedule an appointment with your avian vet to rule out any health issues. If the doctor gives your bird a clean bill of health, contact your nearest Parrot Behavior Consultant an schedule an appointment for he or she to assess your bird's situation. In most cases, slight adjustments to the bird's environment, routine, and interactions with the owner can go a long way in correcting excessive screaming behavior.

3. Overly Destructive Behavior

All birds love to tear things up -- it's just their nature! But sometimes they destroy things that aren't theirs or aren't meant to be used as playthings. This not only causes problems to their owners, but can be hazardous to the bird as well. While plenty of supervision, safe bird toys, and proper mental stimluation will usually curb most destructive behaviors, there are some birds that need a professional touch when dealing with their tastes for demolition. If your bird can't seem to stop destroying everything he sees, then an appointment with a behavior consultant could be beneficial in helping you get to the root of the issue.

4. Feather Plucking/Self Mutilation

The moment you notice that a bird is biting itself or plucking its feathers, you should schedule an appointment with your vet to check for health problems. If no health issues are to blame, then the problem could be an issue with the bird's environment, or with the bird's emotional state. In either case, a Parrot Behavior Consultant should be able to get to the bottom of the problem, and help you begin rehabilitating your pet.

Bird Health

Above all, your bird's health is top priority. While most bird owners do everything within their power to protect their feathered friends from illness or injury, at times accidents do happen, and we need to be prepared. Here you will find information on the more common diseases and parasites that affect birds, signs and symptoms of illness, how to find an avian veterinarian, common household poisons and toxins, first aid procedures for emergency care, and tips on preventing accidents and illness.

Avian Flu in Pet Birds: Should You Be Concerned?
Facts and information about the H5N1 avian influenza virus and whether or not bird owners should be concerned. Find out what types of influenza affect birds, what to do to prevent exposure, and what health organizations say about the avian flu.
Bird Anatomy - Internal and External
Have you ever wondered what a gizzard is for? Ever pondered what exactly a bird's beak is made out of? Look here for a quick lesson in the basics of avian anatomy, both internal and external. Knowing how your bird's body works can be valuable if your pet ever gets ill or injured -- be an informed and prepared owner by learning about the building blocks that make up your bird.
Can My Bird Make Me Sick?
Diseases that can be passed from animals to humans and vice versa are called zoonotic diseases. Those interested in becoming bird owners often wonder if there are any diseases they could catch from their potential feathered friends. The answer is yes -- read on to learn more.
Choosing a Qualified Avian Vet
One of the biggest responsibilities of bird ownership is protecting your pet's health. Locating a reputable avian vet is the first step in making sure your bird leads a long and happy life. Look here for tips on finding a good doctor for your bird, things to look for, questions to ask, and more!
Common Diseases in Pet Birds
As bird owners, it's important to be aware of the diseases and disorders that can affect our precious pets. Early detection of illness is key to successful treatment in pet birds, and is indeed important to their survival in many cases. Read on for an overview of some of the most common illnesses that affect birds in captivity, and how to recognize their symptoms. If you notice your own bird exhi…
Common Parasites in Birds
An article on the most common parasitic infestations in birds, including information on their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Discussion on worms in birds, mites in birds, and more.
Do Birds Get Depressed?
Do you think your bird could be depressed? If you think you have a depressed bird on your hands, check here to learn about the signs and symptoms of avian depression, and what you can do to get your bird on the fast track to health and happiness.
Exotic Birds and Humidity
A brief discussion on the humid environment that exotic birds need, and how to easily provide it.
How to Fix a Broken Blood Feather
If your bird breaks a blood feather, it's important to act quickly to get the situation under control. Look here to find out what to do if your bird breaks a blood feather, and how to handle the situation in the least stressful way.
How to Tell if Your Bird is Sick
Is your pet bird feeling a bit "under the weather?" Look here for valuable information on identifying the signs and symptoms of illness in pet birds, and tips on treatment options and preventative care. Knowing what to look for can save a bird's life -- be angel to your bird by learning how to recognize when he needs veterinary care.
Hygiene and Pet Birds
Keeping a pet bird healthy and happy depends on many things, but one of the most important in hygiene. Read on to learn about using proper hygiene around your bird to protect the health of both you and your feathered friend!
What are Stress Bars?
Does your bird have little bars or stripes running across the shafts of his feathers? If so, your pet may have stress bars, a feather condition that can be a strong indicator of the state of your bird's health. Read on for photos and more information.
What Is Egg Binding?
A short article on egg binding in parrots and other pet birds.
What is Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)?
A look at Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PFBD) including its symptoms, treatment, and a list of bird species most prone to PBFD.
Why Does My Bird Have a Flaky Beak?
Common causes of "flaky" looking beaks in pet bird species.
Bird First Aid
A quick-reference guide to providing basic first aid and emergency care to sick and injured birds.
Common Skin and Feather Disorders in Pet Birds
An article packed with information about common skin and feather problems in pet birds.
Find Your Local Avian Veterinarian
This is a handy search tool that will help you locate an avian veterinarian in your area.
Rate and Review Your Bird's Veterinarian
Reviews of local avian veterinarians who treat pet parrots and other exotic birds. Check out what these bird owners have to say about these avian veterinarians and share your comments on your bird's own vet for other bird owners to learn from!See submissions
Exercise and Pet Birds
Could your pet bird use more exercise in his daily routine? Getting plenty of exercise is the key to good physical and mental health in pet parrots and all captive pet birds. If your feathered friend is in need of a new fitness routine, don't miss these handy tips for increasing your bird's activity level. The improvement in your pet's health...
Ways to Raise Funds for Your Bird's Health Care
Veterinary bills can be a hefty expense, especially for bird owners. If you need some advice on raising funds to cover your bird's vet bills, check out this article for some creative tips and ideas!
How to Make a Basic Bird First Aid Kit
Accidents and emergencies can strike at any time -- and most often at the most inconvenient times. Because of this, it's important for bird owners to have access to a bird first aid kit at all times, so that they can help their pets in the event of sudden injury. Read on to learn how you can assemble your own basic bird first aid kit at home,...
Pet Bird Health Trivia Questions
Think you know more about pet bird health than other bird owners? If so, try out this fun and interesting bird health quiz. These bird health trivia questions are a neat way to test your knowledge and learn something new about bird health care at the same time.
5 Signs That Your Bird Needs to See a Vet
Do you know how to tell if your pet bird needs to see a vet? When birds become ill it's often very serious, so it's important to be able to recognize the signs that your bird could be getting sick. Check out this article to learn about 5 sure signs that your bird should see a veterinarian. It will help you become a more informed and better...
Signs of Stress in Pet Birds
Like humans, birds can experience stress, and it can take a sizable toll on their mental and physical condition. Health is a top priority of bird owners, so it is important to minimize all risks to a pet bird's health and well being. This includes reducing factors that can cause a bird to become stressed in its environment. Read on to learn more...
5 Bird Health Issues You Should Know About
As a bird owner, it's obviously a good thing to learn about the various health issues that can affect our feathered friends. Illnesses in pet birds can manifest very quickly, and more often than not, they can be quite serious. However, some bird health issues are far worse than others. Read on to learn about 5 of the most serious bird health...
Ways to Give Your Bird More Exercise
Like people, parrots and other pet birds need exercise. Make sure that your feathered friend is getting enough exercise to maintain his or her health by following the tips in this article on providing adequate exercise for pet birds. It can be a snap to get your pet bird in tip top physical shape if you know how to do it correctly!
Bird Poop 101
Bird experts are always telling people that they should monitor their birds' poop, but what exactly should they look for? Find out in this insightful article on the difference between healthy and unhealthy bird droppings.
5 Signs that Your Bird is in Pain
Is your pet bird sick? Do you worry that your feathered friend could be in pain? If so, don't miss the information in this article. Read on to learn about 5 telltale signs that your bird is in pain, and learn what you should do to help your feathered friend.
Common Bird Health Care Questions
Even seasoned bird owners can find themselves easily confused by the vast amounts of information that's out there about bird health care. Read on to find out about some of the most common health care questions that bird owners have, what experts and vets recommend, and how you can make sure that your feathered friend stays in the best possible...
When to Call Your Bird's Vet
Afraid that your pet bird might be sick? Bird can be very good at hiding symptoms of illness. Check out the information here to find out if you should schedule a visit with your bird's veterinarian.
How to Prevent Illness in Birds
No one wants their pet to get sick, but the harsh reality is that there are untold health risks that pet birds encounter every day. Even so, there are a few things that you can do to help keep your bird from getting sick. Follow the tips in this article to ward off many of the most common illnesses in birds by creating a healthier all-around...
Parrot Lice: What Bird Owners Should Know
Did you know that pet parrots can harbor lice? As scary as it sounds, it's true -- so it's important for bird owners to know how to identify a lice infestation and seek proper treatment. Keep reading to discover information that will help you keep your parrot and your home healthy and parasite-free!
Your Bird's First Vet Visit
Visiting a veterinarian with your pet bird can be a lot different than it is when you visit with a cat or dog. Check out this article to find out what you should expect!
Sunlight and Pet Birds
It may come as a surprise, but one of the biggest health benefits that most pet birds miss out on is exposure to sunlight. Learn about the beneficial effects of sunlight and how it can help pet birds lead longer, healthier, happier lives in captivity.
Bird Feather Health
Caring for your bird's feathers can be easy if you know how. Check out the tips in this article to learn how to identify problems with your bird's feathers, treat and fix any feather health issues that may arise, and maintain your bird's plumage so that he or she looks and feels her absolute best!
Bird Beak Health
A healthy beak is key to a healthy pet bird, but it can be tough to figure out how to maintain a bird's beak properly. Read on to learn the signs of an unhealthy bird beak, what you can do to fix it, and how to prevent beak problems in the future!
Most Common Reasons for Bird Vet Visits
Wondering what some of the most common medical problems with pet birds are? Look no further -- read on to discover the most common reasons that pet birds have to see the vet, and what you as an owner can do to avoid them!
How to Help Your Bird Gain Weight
Does your pet bird look skinny? It's very important for a bird to maintain a healthy body condition -- if you think that your feathered friend could stand to gain some weight, check out this article for healthy options that will help.
Do Birds Sleep?
Ever wondered about your pet bird's sleep cycle? Discover the ins and outs of your feathered friend's resting period in this FAQ!
Is Your Bird Sick?
Has your bird seen better days? Read on to learn how to quickly tell if your bird is sick and not feeling well.
5 Signs That Your Bird is Depressed
Are you concerned that your pet bird might be depressed? If so, then don't miss this list of symptoms that can signal depression in pet birds. If your bird is suffering, then there are several things that you can do to make your pet healthier and happier.
5 Most Poisonous Foods to Birds
Want to know which types of foods to avoid sharing with your bird? Learn about the most poisonous foods to birds in this handy list.
5 Things That Can Hurt Your Bird's Respiratory System
If you've heard that birds have delicate respiratory systems, then you heard right -- read on to learn about the most common irritants and how you can keep your feathered friend protected.
Do Birds Need Annual Vet Visits?
Find out whether or not you should schedule a vet check for your pet bird here!

Common Bird Beak Health Problems

A wide number of health problems can impact a bird’s beak, either directly or indirectly. The most commonly seen by veterinarians are:
• Trauma: Birds can injure their beaks as a result of fighting between other birds; falling onto hard floors; chewing on electric cords; flying into windows or ceiling fans; and their beak becoming trapped between cage bars. These injuries can result in fractures to the beak, puncture wounds or avulsions (the beak becoming partially or completely torn off the face). Beak injuries are almost always emergency situations that require immediate attention from a veterinarian.
• Abnormal beak growth and development: Some baby birds develop beak abnormalities. These can include an overgrown beak, where either the upper or lower beak grows too long; a scissor beak, which is a lateral deviation of the upper and lower beaks; and mandibular prognathism (parrot underbite), which is a condition wherein the tip of the rhinotheca rests on or inside the gnatotheca. These can be caused by genetics and nutritional deficiencies during development. Often these conditions can be fixed with dental appliances, which work similar to human braces to straighten out the beak and correct bites. 
• Cancer: Birds can develop cancer on their beaks, primarily squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. This can manifest itself as erosion, discoloration and masses on the beak. If caught early, tumors on the beak can normally be removed surgically.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Liver disease from excess fat and poor nutrition in the diet can cause overgrown and scaly beaks. Lack of calcium and vitamin D can cause soft, rubbery beaks, mostly in smaller birds such as cockatiels. The solution is simple: get the bird on a proper diet, and, in time, these symptoms can usually be reversed.
• Infectious diseases: Many viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal pathogens can directly infect bird beaks or infect another part of the bird’s body and cause secondary problems to the bill. Some biggies here include scaly leg and face mites, psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) and avian pox. The bacterial and fungal diseases are usually successfully treated with antibiotics or antifungal medications.
The key to treating any of these conditions is careful observation and quick action on your part. If you notice anything unusual about your bird’s beak, contact your veterinarian immediately. The sooner you address the problem, the sooner your bird will be treated and the more likelihood of a good prognosis.

 Vomiting & Regurgitation

 

Regurgutation is a normal behavior; vomiting is not.

It is important that pet bird owners be able to differentiate between regurgitation and vomiting in birds.
Regurgitation is a normal part of breeding behavior that is to be expected in healthy birds. If your single pet bird views you as its "mate," then it may bestow upon you the highest honor of regurgitating on you to show its affection toward you. A bird that is regurgitating will bob its head and stretch its neck. Regurgitated food is often still somewhat intact (it hasn't yet been entirely digested).
A bird that is vomiting will often spew partially digested crop contents (food) in a haphazard manner. The owner may find the vomit encrusted on the bird's head and/or feathers. Actual vomiting in birds is not common; however, if your bird is vomiting and begins to show other outward signs of distress, consult an avian veterinarian as soon as possible. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, motion sickness (riding in cars), poisoning and anesthesia may cause vomiting.

Bird Diet & Health

 

Bird Medical Conditions

In any emergency situation, such as if your pet bird has sustained an injury or shows any sign of ill health, contact your avian veterinarian immediately.  When a pet bird is ill, it often hides its sickness until it’s too late, so recognize and address the signs of illness as early as possible. Early recognition of disease in pet birds and parrots allows for more successful treatment and a quicker recovery. Use the BirdChannel Medical Conditions database to more accurately determine what your pet bird might be afflicted by to better inform your avian veterinarian. Some symptoms (or multiple symptoms) can be indicative of a bird disease — learn more in the Bird Diseases topiclist. For general bird care articles, click here.
You may need to provide emergency support bird care before you take your pet bird to the veterinarian, (e.g., providing treatment for a burn or a broken blood feather). Consult the BirdChannel Emergency Bird Care topiclist so you can be prepared before you are faced with an emergency situation involving your pet bird.

Bird Food & Nutrition

 

The first step to good health is a balanced diet, and pet birds are no exception. Find out which foods you should feed your pet bird with the BirdChannel Bird Nutrition section. Learn about species-specific diets, foods that you shouldn’t feed your pet bird, healthy fruits and vegetables for your pet bird and much more.
One of the great joys of being a pet bird owner is cooking for your pet bird. Check out the BirdChannel “Recipes for your Bird” section for recipes, cooking tips and more!

Bird Grooming

 

From trimming wing feathers to nail trims, keep your pet bird groomed and healthy with the Bird Grooming Tips section on BirdChannel.com. In this special section, you’ll learn how to trim (clip) your bird’s wing feathers and trim its nails, and how to provide proper parrot beak care. Did you know that pet birds spend a large portion of their day grooming their feathers and nails? You can help your pet bird with its grooming process by offering it a bath.

Vomiting and Regurgitation in Birds: Common Causes Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith

 

Regurgitation and vomiting are signs commonly seen in birds. Regurgitation is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the mouth, esophagus, or crop. A bird that is regurgitating will often bob its head and stretch out its neck, and the food does not look digested, e.g., whole seeds are regurgitated. Regurgitation is usually a normal behavior. Vomiting is the expulsion of the contents of the proventriculus, ventriculus, or intestine. Vomiting is more of a spitting action, and the bird shakes its head from side to side. Vomiting is a sign of illness and should be evaluated promptly. Unfortunately, though it is often difficult to differentiate between regurgitation and vomiting.
What are the causes of vomiting and regurgitation in pet birds?
There are a large number of causes of vomiting and regurgitation ranging from infections, to something the bird ate, to diseases of multiple organs in the body. Some of the common causes are listed in the following table:

Cause	Comments
INFECTIONS Bacterial: Mycobacterium, megabacteria, Pasteurella, Salmonella, and many other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Fungal: Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor Viral: Pacheco's Disease, polyomavirus, pox virus, papillomatosis, Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease, adenovirus, herpes virus, paramyxovirus Parasitic: Capillaria, Plasmodium, tapeworms, Trichomonas, Giardia, roundworms, coccidia Other: Proventricular Dilation Syndrome, Macaw Wasting Disease, Neurotropic Gastric Dilitation	Infections with gram-negative bacteria are one of the most common causes and often secondary to stress, another illness, or fecal contamination of food or water, and are one of the major causes in smaller birds; abscesses may form in some cases; Candida is also often secondary to another illness or stress; Trichomonas is a common cause, especially in budgies; pox virus and tapeworms are more common in imported birds
DISEASES OF OTHER ORGANS Heart disease Liver disease Pancreatitis Kidney disease Diabetes mellitus Peritonitis Septicemia Electrolyte imbalances Trauma	Heart disease is more common in toucans and mynahs; liver disease, especially hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) and hepatitis, is a common cause in many bird species - hepatic lipidosis especially in budgies; trauma includes flying into a window or the bite of another animal which may cause internal bleeding or infection
NUTRITION High protein diet Hypervitaminosis D Hypovitaminosis A Hypovitaminosis E or selenium deficiency High iron levels Food allergy Formula at wrong temperature or consistency Overfeeding Change in diet	Young birds are especially sensitive to the temperature and consistency of the food, and the amount given at one time; abnormal vitamin levels occur over a long period of time; high protein diet is a more common cause in cockatiels
TOXICITIES* Heavy metals: arsenic, copper, lead, zinc Plants: See Poisonous Plants for Birds Foods: chocolate, nicotine, salt, moldy or spoiled foods, avocado, alcohol, cigarettes Pesticides/insecticides: carbamates, lindane, organophosphate, rotenone, arsenic Household products: cholecalciferal, rubbing alcohol, chlorine, teflon, detergents, pine oil, aluminum chloride (deodorants), potassium chloride (matches), nitrate, phosphorous, thallium	Zinc and lead toxicity are common causes; heated teflon such as on frying pans and ironing board covers is very toxic.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE, BLOCKAGE, OR COMPRESSION Goiter Ascites Aerophagia (swallowing air) Crop conditions: impaction, stasis, crop burn Egg binding Gastrointestinal conditions: foreign body, intussusception, volvulus, stenosis, hernia, ileus; grit impaction; ulcers Esophageal stricture Neoplastic: papilloma, leiomyoma, adenoma, fibroma	Conditions which take up space in the chest or abdomen can put pressure on the digestive system; goiter is a common cause in budgies; crop conditions are more common in young and hand fed baby birds; papillomas in the mouth are also common; egg binding is a more common cause in canaries
DRUG REACTIONS** Antibiotics: doxycycline, polymixin B, trimethoprim/sufadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin Antiparasitics: fenbendazole, praziquantel, levamisole Anti-fungal medications: fluconazole, itraconazole, or ketoconazole	Only give these medications to a bird under direct supervision of a veterinarian, and closely follow the directions; contact your veterinarian if your bird is taking any medication and shows new signs of illness
BEHAVIOR Motion sickness Courtship Excitement or stress Normal weaning behavior	Courting behavior to other birds, mirrors, toys, or even owners is a common cause

- Adapted from: Rupley. AE. Manual of Avian Practice. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia PA. 1997; 92.
* For more information see Common Poisons
** For more information see Common Drugs & Nutraceuticals

How is the actual cause determined for a specific bird?
It can be very difficult to differentiate between regurgitation and vomiting, and even hardier to determine an exact cause. The veterinarian will need a complete history, including:

• When the condition started
  
• How often it occurs
  
• Other signs of illness noticed by the owners
  
• Whether the condition is related to a certain event, e.g.; after eating, while playing with toys, etc.
  
• What the bird is fed
  
• How the bird is housed
  
• The sanitary conditions
  
• Access to potential causes such as foods, household items, toxins, and exposure to other birds
  
• Presence of the condition in other birds
  
• Medications or supplements being given to the bird
  
• Display of any courtship or nesting behavior
  
• Other diseases the bird may have or has been treated for either currently or in the past
  

The diagnosis requires careful observation of the bird and a complete physical examination. If at all possible, bring the bird's cage along with you to the veterinarian's office, because it can often offer significant clues. Laboratory tests including a complete blood count, chemistry panel, and a fecal exam to look for parasites are often needed. Radiographs may help determine a diagnosis (see The Parrot Who Liked Heavy Metal or "How to Get the Lead Out."). An endoscope may be used to view the upper digestive tract and collect samples. The bird's mouth or anal area may be swabbed and a culture and sensitivity performed to determine if a bacterial or fungal infection could be the cause. Specimens from the crop will also be viewed microscopically and cultured. Blood may be tested for the presence of viruses or antibodies to them.
How is vomiting or regurgitation treated?
The treatment of vomiting will vary considerably depending upon the cause. Supportive care in the form of stable temperatures, fluid therapy for dehydration, nutritional management (sometimes withholding food may be necessary) are very important. Depending upon the severity of the illness, the bird may need to be hospitalized. Other therapies may include:

• Giving medications to treat infections
  
• Changing the diet
  
• Providing appropriate therapies for diseases of other organs
  
• Removing the toxic agent from the environment and/or the bird
  
• Performing surgery or endoscopy to remove foreign objects or tumors and to correct other intestinal blockages
  

If a bird is regurgitating often and the cause is determined to be behavioral, it may be helpful to remove the toys or mirror that are the focus of his regurgitation.